/* Smooth Scrolling for Navigation */
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

/* Base styles */
.header-container {
  background-color: #FCF5E8; /* Reddish-pink background */
  color: #1d5d8f;  /* Dark teal text */
  text-align: center; /* Center content on small screens */
  padding: 20px; /* Reduced padding for small screens */
}


.header-content h1 {
  font-size: 1.5em; /* Adjust font size for small screens */
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.header-image img {
  max-width: 100%; /* Ensure the image is never more than 100% of its container */
  height: auto; /* Maintain the aspect ratio of the image */
  display: block; /* Prevent inline spacing issues */
  margin: 0 auto 20px; /* Center the image horizontally and add margin below */
}

.button-container {
  margin-top: 20px; /* Add margin above the buttons */
  margin-bottom: 20px; /* Add margin below the buttons */
}

.button-container a.button {
  display: inline-block; /* Make buttons inline */
  margin: 10px; /* Space around buttons */
  padding: 10px 20px; /* Increase tap area for touch screens */
}

.button-container a.button {
  background-color: #b7e7f7; /* Yellow background */
  color: #1d5d8f; /* Black text */
  border: 2px solid #1d5d8f; /* Orange border */
  border-radius: 25px; /* Rounded borders */
  padding: 10px 20px; /* Top and bottom padding, left and right padding */
  margin: 5px; /* Space between the buttons */
  text-decoration: none; /* Remove the underline from links */
  display: inline-block; /* Display links as inline blocks */
  font-weight: bold; /* Make the text bold */
  transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s; /* Smooth transition for hover effect */
}

.button-container a.button:hover {
  background-color: #62c8ec; /* Darker yellow background on hover */
  color: #1d5d8f; /* White text on hover */
}

/* Styles for larger screens using a media query */
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .header-container {
    display: flex; /* Use flexbox for positioning on larger screens */
    justify-content: space-between; /* Space between the content and image */
    align-items: center; /* Align items vertically */
    padding: 50px 50px; /* Increase padding for larger screens */
  }

  .header-content {
    max-width: calc(50% - 20px); /* Adjust width to include margin */
    text-align: left; /* Align text to the left for larger screens */
    margin-right: 20px; /* Add margin to the right of the header content */
  }

  .header-content h1 {
    font-size: 3em; /* Increase font size for larger screens */
  }

  .header-image {
    max-width: calc(50% - 20px); /* Adjust width to include margin */
  }

  .header-image img {
    max-width: 100%; /* Image should be responsive within the container */
    height: auto; /* Maintain the aspect ratio */
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 1000px) {
  d-contents {
      display: none;
  }
}

/* Improve byline styling */
.byline {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    padding: 0.5em 0;
    margin: 1em 0;
}

.byline-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 2em;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto 0.5em auto;
}

.byline-column {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    text-align: left;
}

.byline-column h3 {
    margin-bottom: 0.3em;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.byline-column p {
    color: #666;
    font-size: 14px;
    margin: 3px 0;
}

.author-link, .affiliation-link {
    color: #666;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.author-link:hover, .affiliation-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    border-bottom: none;
}

/* Figure selector styling */
.figure-selector {
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    border-radius: 12px;
    border: 2px solid #dee2e6;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.figure-selector:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    border-color: #0066cc;
}

.figure-selector label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #495057;
    margin-right: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    display: inline-block;
    min-width: 120px;
}

.figure-selector select {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    border: 2px solid #ced4da;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background: white;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    min-width: 250px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.figure-selector select:hover {
    border-color: #0066cc;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.2);
}

.figure-selector select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: #0066cc;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1);
}

.figure-selector select option {
    padding: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* Figure group styling */
.figure-group {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #fafbfc;
}

.figure-group d-figure {
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.figure-group d-figure:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

d-article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr; /* Sidebar 260px, main text takes the rest */
  gap: 2em;
  align-items: start;
  /* DO NOT set overflow here! */
}

d-article d-contents {
  grid-column: 1;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  align-self: start;
  height: 100vh;         /* Optional: makes sidebar full height */
  overflow-y: auto;      /* Optional: allows sidebar to scroll if too tall */
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  background: white;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding-left: 2em;
}


d-article d-contents nav {
  display: block;
}

d-article d-contents nav h4 {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}

d-article d-contents nav div {
  color: rgba(91, 184, 73, 0.8);
  font-weight: bold;
}

d-article d-contents nav a {
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  border-bottom: none;
  text-decoration: none;
}

d-article d-contents li {
  list-style-type: none;
}

d-article d-contents ul {
  padding-left: 1em;
}

d-article d-contents nav ul li {
  margin-bottom: 0.25em;
}

d-article d-contents nav a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}

d-article d-contents nav ul {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

d-article d-contents nav > div {
  display: block;
  outline: none;
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

d-article d-contents nav > div > a {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

d-article d-contents nav > div > a:hover,
d-article d-contents nav > ul > li > a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.active-nav-item {
  color: #0d6efd; /* Change as per your preference */
}

.shaded-figure {
  background-color: hsl(0, 0%, 97%);
  border-top: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
  border-bottom: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
  padding: 30px 0;
}

.pointer {
  position: absolute;
  width: 26px;
  height: 26px;
  top: 26px;
  left: -48px;
}

.sidebar {
  position: sticky;
}

d-article section{
  margin: 0 !important;
}

/* Custom styles for Branching Factor website */

/* Preserve original styling for specific elements */
.highlight {
    background-color: #e8f4f8;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin: 20px 0;
}

.demo-container {
    margin: 30px 0;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.slider-container {
    width: 100%;
}

.slider-nav {
    display: flex;
    background: #f0f0f0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

.slider-btn {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 15px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.3s;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.slider-btn:hover {
    background: #e0e0e0;
}

.slider-btn.active {
    background: #3498db;
    color: white;
}

.slider-content {
    padding: 20px;
    min-height: 300px;
}

.module-slide {
    display: none;
}

.module-slide.active {
    display: block;
}

.demo-placeholder {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border: 2px dashed #ccc;
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-top: 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

.pdf-container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.pdf-container canvas {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 300px;
}

.carousel-slide {
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    display: none;
    text-align: center;
}

.carousel-slide.active {
    display: block;
}

.carousel-slide canvas {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto !important;
}

.carousel-nav {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.carousel-btn {
    margin: 0 5px;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    background: #f0f0f0;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 3px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.carousel-btn.active,
.carousel-btn:hover {
    background-color: #333;
    color: white;
}

.img-container {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 20px 0;
}

.img-caption {
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #666;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.figure-caption {
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #666;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.responsive-img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 5px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.zoomable {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.zoomable:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

.highlight-embellish {
    background-color: #ffeb3b;
    padding: 2px 4px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.highlight-actual {
    background-color: #4caf50;
    color: white;
    padding: 2px 4px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.highlight-warning {
    background-color: #ff9800;
    color: white;
    padding: 2px 4px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.links {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin: 20px 0;
}

/* Ensure proper spacing for sections */
d-article section {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

/* Style for the resources section */
.links h3 {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

.links ul {
    list-style-type: none;
    padding-left: 0;
}

.links li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.links a {
    color: #3498db;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.links a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Ensure proper styling for the byline section */
.byline {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .slider-nav {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .slider-btn {
        border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    }
    
    .carousel-nav {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    
    .carousel-btn {
        margin: 2px;
        font-size: 0.9em;
    }
}

/* Appendix Section Styles */
.appendix-section {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background-color: #fafafa;
}

.figure-selector {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.figure-selector label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #333;
}

.figure-selector select {
    padding: 0.5rem;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background-color: white;
    font-size: 14px;
    min-width: 200px;
}

.figure-container {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 1rem;
    background-color: white;
}

.figure-display {
    text-align: center;
}

.figure-display img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Table Styles */
.table-container {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.table-container table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 14px;
    background-color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.table-container th,
.table-container td {
    padding: 0.75rem;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
}

.table-container th {
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #333;
}

.table-container tr:nth-child(even) {
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
}

.table-container tr:hover {
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

.table-caption {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #666;
    text-align: center;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Theorem Box */
.theorem {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-left: 4px solid #333;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.theorem h4 {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: #333;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .figure-selector {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
    
    .figure-selector select {
        min-width: 100%;
    }
    
    .table-container {
        font-size: 12px;
    }
    
    .table-container th,
    .table-container td {
        padding: 0.5rem 0.25rem;
    }
}

/* Lazy loading styles */
.lazy-load {
    min-height: 200px;
    position: relative;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.loading-spinner {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    border: 4px solid #f3f3f3;
    border-top: 4px solid #3498db;
    border-radius: 50%;
    animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
    margin: 20px auto;
}

@keyframes spin {
    0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
    100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

.error-message {
    color: #e74c3c;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 20px;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* PDF canvas styling */
.pdf-canvas {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

/* Hypothesis styling */
.hypothesis {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-left: 4px solid #333;
    padding: 15px;
    margin: 20px 0;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.hypothesis h4 {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: #333;
}

.hypothesis p {
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Theorem styling */
.theorem {
    background: #fff3cd;
    border: 1px solid #ffeaa7;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin: 20px 0;
}

.theorem h4 {
    margin: 0 0 15px 0;
    color: #856404;
}

.theorem p {
    margin: 0 0 15px 0;
}

/* Section content styling */
#sampling-content,
#bf-formulation-content,
#bf-measuring-content,
#bf-nudging-content,
#related-works-content,
#conclusion-content {
    min-height: 100px;
}

/* Responsive improvements */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .lazy-load {
        min-height: 150px;
    }
    
    .loading-spinner {
        width: 30px;
        height: 30px;
        border-width: 3px;
    }
    
    .hypothesis,
    .theorem {
        padding: 15px;
        margin: 15px 0;
    }
}

/* Math rendering improvements */
.math-display {
    overflow-x: auto;
    margin: 20px 0;
}

/* Table improvements */
.table-container {
    overflow-x: auto;
    margin: 20px 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.table-container table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    background: white;
}

.table-container th,
.table-container td {
    padding: 12px 8px;
    text-align: left;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #dee2e6;
}

.table-container th {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #495057;
}

.table-container tr:hover {
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

.table-caption {
    padding: 15px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-top: 1px solid #dee2e6;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #6c757d;
    text-align: left;
}

/* Figure container improvements */
.figure-container {
    margin: 30px 0;
}

.figure-selector {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

.figure-selector label {
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-right: 10px;
    color: #495057;
}

.figure-selector select {
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #ced4da;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: white;
    font-size: 14px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.figure-selector select:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: #007bff;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0,123,255,0.25);
}

.figure-display {
    text-align: center;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 20px;
    min-height: 300px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Zoomable image improvements */
.zoomable-image {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.zoomable-image.zoomed {
    transform: scale(1.5);
    z-index: 1000;
    position: relative;
}

/* Responsive image improvements */
.responsive-img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

/* Content section improvements */
section {
    margin: 40px 0;
    padding: 20px 0;
}

section h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #333;
    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
    color: #2c3e50;
}

section h3 {
    color: #34495e;
    margin: 25px 0 15px 0;
    font-size: 1.3em;
}

/* Appendix section improvements */
#appendix {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 30px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    margin: 40px 0;
}

#appendix h2 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #6c757d;
}

.appendix-section {
    margin: 30px 0;
    padding: 20px;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.appendix-section h3 {
    color: #495057;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 1.2em;
}

/* Math formula improvements */
.MathJax {
    font-size: 1.1em !important;
}

.MathJax_Display {
    margin: 1.5em 0 !important;
    text-align: center !important;
}

.MathJax_Display .MathJax {
    font-size: 1.2em !important;
}

/* Improve table formatting */
.table-container {
    margin: 2em 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.table-container table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    margin: 1em 0;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

.table-container th,
.table-container td {
    padding: 0.75em;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
}

.table-container th {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.table-container tr:nth-child(even) {
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
}

.table-caption {
    text-align: center;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: 1em;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #666;
}

/* Hypothesis and theorem boxes */
.hypothesis, .theorem {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-left: 4px solid #007bff;
    padding: 1em;
    margin: 1.5em 0;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.hypothesis h4, .theorem h4 {
    margin-top: 0;
    color: #007bff;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Improve figure containers */
.img-container {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 2em 0;
    min-height: 300px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.pdf-canvas {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Loading spinner */
.loading-spinner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    height: 200px;
    color: #666;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Error message */
.error-message {
    color: #dc3545;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2em;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Responsive design improvements */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .table-container {
        font-size: 0.8em;
    }
    
    .table-container th,
    .table-container td {
        padding: 0.5em 0.25em;
    }
    
    .MathJax {
        font-size: 1em !important;
    }
    
    .MathJax_Display .MathJax {
        font-size: 1.1em !important;
    }
}

/* Improve overall typography */
body {
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #333;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-top: 1.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

p {
    margin-bottom: 1em;
}

ul, ol {
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    padding-left: 2em;
}

li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Improve header styling */
.header-container {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 4em 2em;
    text-align: center;
}

.header-content h1 {
    font-size: 2.5em;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    color: white;
}

.header-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.3em;
    margin-bottom: 2em;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    font-weight: 300;
}

.button-container {
    margin-top: 2em;
}

.button {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    font-size: 14px;
}

/* Improve byline styling */
.byline {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2em;
    margin: 2em 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.byline-container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-around;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
}

.byline-column {
    text-align: center;
    flex: 1;
}

.byline-column h3 {
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.author-link, .affiliation-link {
    color: #007bff;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.author-link:hover, .affiliation-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Improve section styling */
section {
    margin: 3em 0;
    padding: 0 1em;
}

section h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #333;
    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}

/* Improve links section */
.links {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2em;
    margin: 3em 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    text-align: center;
}

.links h3 {
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    color: #333;
}

.links ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 2em;
}

.links li {
    margin: 0;
}

.links a {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.links a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Improve appendix styling */
.appendix-section {
    margin: 3em 0;
    padding: 2em;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.figure-selector {
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    text-align: center;
}

.figure-selector label {
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-right: 1em;
}

.figure-selector select {
    padding: 0.5em;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background-color: white;
}

.figure-container {
    text-align: center;
}

.figure-display {
    min-height: 400px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Improve zoomable images */
.zoomable-image {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.zoomable-image.zoomed {
    transform: scale(1.5);
    z-index: 1000;
    position: relative;
}

/* Improve PDF rendering */
.pdf-container {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 2em 0;
}

/* Improve carousel styling */
.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.carousel-slide {
    display: none;
    text-align: center;
}

.carousel-slide.active {
    display: block;
}

.carousel-buttons {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1em;
    margin-top: 1em;
}

.carousel-btn {
    padding: 0.5em 1em;
    border: none;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    color: #333;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.carousel-btn.active,
.carousel-btn:hover {
    background-color: #333;
    color: white;
}

/* Improve module slider */
.module-slide {
    display: none;
}

.module-slide.active {
    display: block;
}

.slider-buttons {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1em;
    margin: 2em 0;
}

.slider-btn {
    padding: 0.75em 1.5em;
    border: none;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    color: #333;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 25px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.slider-btn.active,
.slider-btn:hover {
    background-color: #007bff;
    color: white;
}

/* Improve content bar */
d-contents {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    background-color: white;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
    padding: 1em 0;
    z-index: 100;
}

d-contents nav {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 2em;
}

d-contents a {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

d-contents a:hover {
    color: #007bff;
}

/* Improve responsive design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .header-content h1 {
        font-size: 2em;
    }
    
    .header-content h2 {
        font-size: 1.1em;
    }
    
    .byline-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1em;
    }
    
    .links ul {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1em;
    }
    
    d-contents nav {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: 1em;
    }
    
    .button {
        display: block;
        margin: 0.5em auto;
        max-width: 200px;
    }
}

/* Enhanced Math and Equation Styling */
.math-display {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 2em 0;
    padding: 1em;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 4px solid #007bff;
}

.math-display h4 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #333;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* KaTeX styling improvements */
.katex {
    font-size: 1.1em;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.katex-display {
    margin: 1.5em 0;
    text-align: center;
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
    padding: 0.5em 0;
}

.katex-display > .katex {
    display: inline-block;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 100%;
}

/* MathJax styling improvements */
.MathJax {
    font-size: 1.1em;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.MathJax_Display {
    margin: 1.5em 0;
    text-align: center;
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
    padding: 0.5em 0;
}

.MathJax_Display .MathJax {
    display: inline-block;
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 100%;
}

/* Equation container styling */
.equation-container {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 2em 0;
    padding: 1.5em;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    border-radius: 12px;
    border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.equation-container h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.5em 0;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #495057;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Inline math styling */
.math-inline {
    font-size: 1em;
    color: #495057;
}

/* Responsive math */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .katex-display,
    .MathJax_Display {
        font-size: 0.9em;
        margin: 1em 0;
        padding: 0.3em 0;
    }
    
    .equation-container {
        margin: 1.5em 0;
        padding: 1em;
    }
    
    .equation-container h4 {
        font-size: 1em;
    }
}

/* Enhanced theorem and hypothesis styling */
.theorem, .hypothesis {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    border-left: 4px solid #007bff;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.5em;
    margin: 2em 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.theorem h4, .hypothesis h4 {
    margin: 0 0 1em 0;
    color: #495057;
    font-size: 1.1em;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.theorem p, .hypothesis p {
    margin: 0;
    color: #495057;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Table styling improvements */
.table-container {
    margin: 2em 0;
    overflow-x: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.table-container table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.table-container th {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #007bff 0%, #0056b3 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 1em;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: none;
}

.table-container td {
    padding: 0.8em;
    text-align: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #dee2e6;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.table-container tr:nth-child(even) {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
}

.table-container tr:hover {
    background-color: #e9ecef;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.table-caption {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 1em;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #6c757d;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Citation styling */
.citation {
    color: #0066cc;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    padding: 1px 3px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    background-color: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.05);
}

.citation:hover {
    color: #004499;
    text-decoration: underline;
    background-color: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.citation:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.bibliography-section {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.bibliography-section h2 {
    color: #333;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.bibliography-section h2:hover {
    color: #0066cc;
}

.toggle-icon {
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.bibliography-list {
    list-style: decimal;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    max-height: 80vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
}

.bibliography-list li {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding-left: 0.5rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border-left: 3px solid transparent;
}

.bibliography-list li:hover {
    border-left-color: #0066cc;
    background-color: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.02);
}

.bibliography-list li em {
    color: #333;
    font-style: italic;
}

.bibliography-list li a {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.bibliography-list li a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Make header image larger and more prominent */
.header-image {
  max-width: 700px;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}
.header-image .img-container {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 350px;
  min-height: 350px;
  max-width: 700px;
  max-height: 420px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Appendix figure size */
.appendix-figure figure, .appendix-figure .img-container {
  max-width: 400px !important;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Main text figure size for alignment */
d-figure figure, .figure-group d-figure figure {
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0 auto 1.5em auto;
}

/* Override conflicting byline styles */
d-article .byline {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    padding: 0.5em 0;
    margin: 1em 0;
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: 0;
}

d-article .byline-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 2em;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto 0.5em auto;
}

d-article .byline-column {
    flex: 1 1 0;
    text-align: left;
}

d-article .byline-column h3 {
    margin-bottom: 0.3em;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

d-article .byline-column p {
    color: #666;
    font-size: 14px;
    margin: 3px 0;
}

d-article .author-link, 
d-article .affiliation-link {
    color: #666 !important;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

d-article .author-link:hover, 
d-article .affiliation-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    border-bottom: none;
}

/* Collapsible sections */
.collapsible-section {
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 2em 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.collapsible-header {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 1em 1.5em;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.collapsible-header:hover {
    background-color: #e9ecef;
}

.collapsible-header h2 {
    margin: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.collapsible-toggle {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    color: #666;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.5em;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
}

.collapsible-toggle:hover {
    background-color: #dee2e6;
    color: #333;
}

.collapsible-toggle::before {
    content: "▼";
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.collapsible-toggle.collapsed::before {
    transform: rotate(-90deg);
}

.collapsible-content {
    padding: 1.5em;
    max-height: none;
    opacity: 1;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.collapsible-content.collapsed {
    max-height: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.highlight-quote {
    font-style: italic;
    background: #f5f7fa;
    border-left: 4px solid #007bff;
    margin: 2em 0;
    padding: 1.2em 2em;
    color: #333;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 1.08em;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  d-article {
    display: block;
  }
  d-article d-contents {
    position: static;
    height: auto;
    overflow: visible;
    border-right: none;
    padding-left: 0;
    margin-bottom: 2em;
  }
}
/* Main content wrapper styling */
d-article .main-content {
    grid-column: 2;
    max-width: 950px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Video container styling */
.video-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 1rem 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

.video-container iframe {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 400px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

/* Responsive video sizing */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .video-container iframe {
        height: 250px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .video-container iframe {
        height: 200px;
    }
}